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      Influenza and Strep Testing & Treatment Workflow Selection

      These workflows are designed for pharmacist-led delivery, enabling pharmacies to expand clinical services and pursue medical billing opportunities where permitted.

      Updated: August 2025

      Outcomes Clinical Module offers guided clinical workflows to support point-of-care testing and treatment for Influenza and Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep). These workflows are designed for pharmacist-led delivery, enabling pharmacies to expand clinical services and pursue medical billing opportunities where permitted.

      Overview of the Clinical Workflows

      Our Influenza and Strep workflows provide pharmacists with:

      • Step-by-step guidance for patient evaluation, testing, and treatment.
      • Integrated support for documentation, clinical decision-making, and billing.
      • Alignment with state-specific protocols where available.

      These workflows are built to streamline care delivery while maintaining compliance with clinical standards and payer expectations.

      What Are Protocols?

      In this context, a protocol refers to a formal, board-approved clinical framework that outlines:

      • Patient eligibility criteria
      • Clinical stability requirements
      • Treatment options and prescribing authority
      • Documentation and follow-up standards

      Protocols ensure that pharmacists operate within the scope of practice defined by their state’s Board of Pharmacy or other regulatory body.

      States with Approved Protocols

      Outcomes currently supports five state-specific protocols for Influenza and Strep testing and treatment:

      • Arkansas
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Kentucky
      • Virginia

      Pharmacies located in one of these states will automatically be assigned the corresponding protocol. These protocols are embedded into the workflow to ensure compliance with local regulations.

      Pharmacies Outside Approved States

      Pharmacies located outside the five approved states may still use the Influenza and Strep workflows. However, because their state does not have a published protocol, they must select one of the five available protocols to follow. This selection should be based on clinical appropriateness and operational feasibility and is at the discretion of the pharmacy.

      It is the pharmacy’s responsibility to ensure that:

      • The selected protocol aligns with their state’s scope of practice.
      • They meet any additional requirements, such as having a Collaborative Practice Agreement (CPA) in place.
      • They remain in compliance with all federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

      Outcomes provides the tools and workflows, but each pharmacy is accountable for its own legal and clinical compliance.

       

      FAQ: Influenza & Strep Testing and Treatment Workflows

      1. What point of care testing and treatment services are supported by Outcomes workflows?

      Outcomes currently supports point-of-care testing and treatment for:

      • Influenza (Flu)
      • Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat)
      • Covid-19

      These workflows guide pharmacists through patient evaluation, testing, treatment decisions, documentation, and billing.

      Note: The Covid-19 workflow is the same for all states and does not require a specific protocol selection.

       

      1. Which states have board-approved protocols?

      Outcomes supports five state-specific protocols:

      • Arkansas
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Kentucky
      • Virginia

      Pharmacies located in these states will automatically follow their state’s protocol.

       

      1. What is a protocol?

      A protocol is a formal clinical framework approved by a state’s Board of Pharmacy or other regulatory body. It defines:

      • Who is eligible for testing and treatment
      • What clinical criteria must be met
      • Which treatments are allowed
      • How services should be documented

      Protocols ensure pharmacists operate within their legal scope of practice.

       

      1. What if my pharmacy is not in one of the five approved states?

      Pharmacies outside Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, or Virginia can still use the workflows. However, they must:

      • Select one of the five approved protocols to follow
      • Ensure the selected protocol aligns with their state’s laws and pharmacist scope of practice
      • Meet any additional requirements (e.g., Collaborative Practice Agreement)

      Outcomes provides the workflow tools, but compliance is the pharmacy’s responsibility.

       

      1. Where can I find the approved protocols?

      Here are links to the board-approved protocols for review:

       

      1. Do I need a Collaborative Practice Agreement (CPA)?

      Depending on your state, a CPA may be required to perform testing and treatment services. Pharmacies must verify and maintain any agreements necessary to comply with local regulations.

       

      1. Can I bill medical payers for these services?

      Yes. Outcomes supports medical billing for pharmacist-led clinical services, including point of care testing and treatment. If your pharmacy is eligible and properly credentialed, Outcomes can submit claims to medical payers on your behalf through our integrated billing platform.

      To enable medical billing, your pharmacy must first:

      • Obtain a contract with one or more medical payers (e.g., commercial insurers, Medicaid MCOs, Medicare Advantage plans).
      • Ensure that your pharmacy and pharmacists are credentialed and enrolled with those payers.

      If your pharmacy does not yet have a payer contract, Outcomes may be able to assist by connecting you with credentialing and payer enrollment services.

       

      1. Who is responsible for legal compliance?

      Each pharmacy is responsible for:

      • Understanding and following state and federal laws
      • Maintaining any required licenses, agreements, or certifications
      • Ensuring services are delivered within the scope of practice

      Outcomes is a tool to support your workflow, not a substitute for legal or clinical oversight.